It is the reduction in diversity of ecosystems, species, and genes, including the extinction of species.
It is the process of conversion of land from one use to another, such as forest clearance for agriculture.
It is the intensity, in terms of input and/or output that land is managed for agriculture or other land uses.
There is no doubt that land-use change is having a profound impact on biodiversity (IPBES 2019). Agricultural intensification, urbanization, afforestation, and other major land-use changes are affecting the abundance and diversity of many species, together with the ecosystem services they provide to people, endangering the achievement of many of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These impacts are clearly seen at local scales. A greater challenge is to assess.
